I create a new project and reproduce your problem. I found the Mono.Data.Sqlite Version="1.0.61"
package targets .NET Framework 4.0. And it's last updating is 11/5/2018.
The visual studio also showed warning:
Warning (active) NU1701 Package 'Mono.Data.Sqlite 1.0.61' was restored using '.NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1, .NETFramework,Version=v4.6.2, .NETFramework,Version=v4.7, .NETFramework,Version=v4.7.1, .NETFramework,Version=v4.7.2, .NETFramework,Version=v4.8, .NETFramework,Version=v4.8.1' instead of the project target framework 'net8.0-android34.0'. This package may not be fully compatible with your project.
So you can check the official document about the .NET MAUI local databases and use the sqlite-net-pcl instead.